- India used 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography with iStent for advanced glaucoma surgery in New Delhi,The new glaucoma procedure enables real-time visualization of aqueous humour drainage,The technique is part of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS).
- Bulgaria became the 21st member of the Eurozone,Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.Bulgaria lies in the Balkan Peninsula of Southeast Europe.
- Rani Velu Nachiyar recaptured Sivaganga in 1780 from the British.She formed one of the world’s first all-women military units,Kuyili carried out an early recorded suicide attack against British forces.
- US strikes near Caracas revived debate around the Monroe Doctrine.
- India introduced the e-B-4 visa for Chinese manufacturing-linked business activities,The e-B-4 visa allows activity-specific business entry up to six months.
- India’s Gross NPA ratio fell to about 2.1% in late 2025,The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code improved credit discipline in banks.
- The Arctic is warming at more than twice the global average rate,India operates the Himadri research station in the Arctic.
- PRAGATI enhances Centre–State coordination in project monitoring.
- The Draft Pesticides Management Bill, 2025 will replace the Insecticides Act, 1968.
- Census 2027 will be India’s first fully digital census.Census 2027 will include nationwide caste enumeration.
- India assumed BRICS Chairmanship for 2026.
- DRDO ground-tested a scramjet engine for over 12 minutes,Scramjets enable sustained hypersonic flight beyond Mach 5.
- Param Shakti supercomputer delivers 3.1 Petaflops performance,Param Shakti is installed at IIT Madras.
- India objected to China’s activities in the Shaksgam Valley.
- The PSLV-C62 mission anomaly occurred in the solid third stage.
- The Supreme Court suggested a Romeo–Juliet clause in POCSO Act.
- China’s EAST reactor crossed the Greenwald plasma density limit.
- The UN High Seas Treaty is also called the BBNJ Agreement.BBNJ stands for Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction,The treaty focuses on marine genetic resources and MPAs,India signed but has not yet ratified the BBNJ Agreement.
- The Australia Group prevents proliferation of chemical and biological weapons,India joined the Australia Group in 2018.
- RBI Integrated Ombudsman Scheme strengthens consumer grievance redressal.
- India’s Carbon Credit Scheme mandates 3–7% emission reduction for 208 units.
- Diego Garcia is part of the Chagos Archipelago,The UK retains a 99-year lease over Diego Garcia.
- The Military Quantum Mission aligns with the National Quantum Mission.
- Secondary particulate matter is the largest source of Delhi winter pollution.
- Nearly two-thirds of Delhi’s PM2.5 originates outside the city.
- G4 nations include India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan,G4 proposes six new permanent UNSC seats.
- India’s forex reserves reached around USD 701.4 billion.
- Economic Survey 2025–26 projects 7.4% GDP growth.
- PFCE rose to 61.5% of GDP.
- India remained the world’s largest remittance recipient at USD 135.4 billion.
- Coking coal declared a Critical and Strategic Mineral under MMDR Act.
- CPI base revision recommends CPI 2024.
- The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 mandate four-stream segregation.
- SWM Rules 2026 operate under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
- India’s defence production reached ₹1.51 lakh crore.India exports defence equipment to over 100 countries.
- ACASA-India platform provides climate advisories to farmers,ACASA-India marks 15 years of NICRA.
- 78% of India’s e-waste is handled by the informal sector,India generates over 6.19 million tonnes of e-waste annually.
- Nature-negative finance reached $7.3 trillion globally,Nature-positive finance stood at only $220 billion.
- Annual investment in Nature-based Solutions must reach $571 billion by 2030.
- India achieved 50% non-fossil electricity capacity ahead of schedule,PM Surya Ghar promotes rooftop solar adoption.
- National Green Hydrogen Mission supports decarbonization.
- The RBI State Finances report describes a demographic inflection point.
- India’s median age is around 28 years.
- States’ fiscal deficit rose to about 3.3% of GDP.
- The Responsible Nations Index ranks India 16th globally.
- The Startup India Initiative completed 10 years in January 2026.
- India has over 2.09 lakh DPIIT-recognised startups,India has more than 120 unicorns,Nearly 45% of startups have at least one woman founder/director.
- India led globally in number of IPOs.
- The National Sports Governance Rules, 2026 mandate women’s representation.
- The Pension Fund Regulatory Authority introduced NPS Vatsalya Scheme.
- The UN Global Economic Prospects revised India’s growth to 7.2%.
- The Arctic Council includes India as an observer,Arctic amplification weakens the pole-mid latitude temperature gradient.
- Polar vortex disruptions triggered US extreme cold.
- CERT-In handled about 30 lakh cyber incidents in 2025.
- Article 124(4) governs removal of Supreme Court judges.
- No SC or HC judge has been successfully removed to date.
- The UN High Seas Treaty has over 80 signatories operationally.
- The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 ensures privacy safeguards.
- India–EU FTA grants access to 97% of EU tariff lines.
- The World Bank upgraded India’s FY26 growth to 7.2%.
- The National IED Data Management System enhances counter-terrorism coordination.
- ISRO plans Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035.
- The first BAS module is planned by 2028.
- India marked Swami Vivekananda’s birth anniversary on 12 January.
- Germany announced visa-free transit for Indian passport holders.
- The India–Middle East–Europe Corridor aims to diversify trade routes.
- India’s fish production reached nearly 197.75 lakh tonnes.
- The Australia Group marked 40 years of operation.
- The UN Environment Programme’s report stresses redirection of capital flows.
- The Greenhouse Emission Rules include petroleum refining and textiles.
- India’s river deltas face subsidence due to groundwater extraction.
- The Ganga–Brahmaputra delta is a global hotspot for sinking.
- Economic Survey highlights services sector growth of 9.1%.
- Investment (GFCF) remained around 30% of GDP.
- The UN High Seas Treaty entered into force as the first legally binding framework for high seas biodiversity.
- The BBNJ Agreement has four pillars including marine genetic resources and capacity building.
- India’s Arctic Policy focuses on climate and cryosphere research.
- Atlantification is accelerating warming in the Arctic Ocean.
- PRAGATI stands for Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation.
- NITI Aayog proposed updated definitions under its affordable housing framework.
- India strengthened refining capability with advanced residue upgradation facilities.
- ISRO’s Dust Experiment enhances space environment understanding.
- The Draft Pesticides Management Bill introduces a fully digital registration system.
- The Bill proposes accredited testing laboratories and poisoning surveillance.
- The Union Government waived compensatory afforestation payments for certain leased forest activities.
- Census 2027 will be India’s 16th decennial census.
- The US announced withdrawal from 66 international organisations.
- The ICGS Samudra Pratap is India’s first indigenously designed pollution control vessel.
- Ethical AI in India emphasises transparency and explainability.
- AI4Bhārat supports open-source AI models in Indian languages.
- BharatGen aims to align AI development with India’s linguistic diversity.
- Swadesh Darshan 2.0 promotes sustainable, destination-centric tourism.
- District-Led Textiles Transformation targets MSME and tribal regions.
- Madhav Gadgil advocated community-based conservation.
- DRDO’s scramjet testing places India among elite hypersonic-capable nations.
- Hypersonic weapons travel at speeds above Mach 5.
- The Shaksgam Valley is also known as the Trans-Karakoram Tract.
- NSIL is ISRO’s commercial arm established in 2019.
- The Kestrel Initial Demonstrator was a Spanish re-entry vehicle prototype.
- The Supreme Court noted misuse of POCSO in consensual teenage cases.
- China’s EAST reactor achieved plasma stability beyond the Greenwald limit.
- India contributes to the global ITER fusion project in France.
- Global oceans absorbed 23 zettajoules of heat in 2025.
- Sea surface temperatures were about 0.5°C above the 1981–2010 average.
- India plans Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035.
- India and Germany completed 25 years of strategic partnership in 2025.
- Coal and lignite exploration received ₹5,925 crore allocation.
- India’s IMEC corridor enhances connectivity with Europe and West Asia.
- PM Matsya Sampada Yojana boosted fish production growth.
- Pax Silica is a US-led initiative on secure tech supply chains.
- National Sports Governance Rules mandate independent election panels.
- The UN Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters will be chaired by an Indian diplomat (2026–27).
- Section 17A of the Prevention of Corruption Act requires prior approval for investigation.
- Section 12(1)(c) of RTE mandates 25% EWS reservation in private schools.
- The 16th IRENA Assembly concluded in Abu Dhabi.
- India created 1.3 million renewable energy jobs.
- The Henley Passport Index ranked India 80th in 2026.
- Food prices entered deflation for the first time since 2014.
- National Startup Day is observed on 16 January.
- India is the world’s third-largest startup ecosystem.
- María Corina Machado gifted her Nobel Peace Prize medal symbolically.
- Nobel Peace Prize medals are non-transferable honours.
- EU Council and EU Commission Presidents were Republic Day Chief Guests.
- IMD deployed 200 Automatic Weather Stations under Mission Mausam.
- Labour Force Participation Rate rose as per December 2025 PLFS.
- Judges’ removal process is governed by the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
- The Quad includes India, USA, Japan, and Australia.
- The Third Global Strategic Pole promotes multipolar governance.
- Spain joined the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative.
- Nature-negative finance is nearly 30 times larger than nature-positive flows.
- MISHTI promotes mangrove restoration.
- Amrit Dharohar focuses on Ramsar wetland conservation.
- Quantum key distribution enhances secure military communications.
- The CAQM report highlighted chemical formation of pollutants.
- EU’s CBAM may affect carbon-intensive Indian exports.
- ECINET was launched as a unified electoral management platform.
- The Reserve Bank flagged India’s demographic dividend window as narrow.
- Kerala and Tamil Nadu face ageing population pressures.
- Youthful states risk demographic disaster without job creation.
- Outstanding liabilities of states fell to 28% of GDP.
- India’s e-waste recycling rate is around 10%.
- FDI inflows into India surged 73% to $47 billion in 2025.
- The ACASA-India platform marks 15 years of NICRA.
- Secondary PM formation dominates Delhi’s winter pollution.
- Polar vortex instability allows Arctic air spillover.
- Polar stratospheric clouds accelerate ozone depletion.
- CERT-In operates the Cyber Swachhta Kendra.
- Article 175 allows Governor to address the legislature.
- Article 176 mandates Governor’s address at specified sessions.
- Nabam Rebia (2016) reaffirmed Governor must act on aid and advice.
- 131 Padma Awards were approved for 2026.
- 70 Armed Forces personnel received gallantry awards in 2026.
- The Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest wartime gallantry award.
- The Ashoka Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award.
- The US completed withdrawal from WHO.
- India–EU Strategic Roadmap 2030 covers defence and clean energy.
- Convention 108 is the first binding data protection treaty.
- Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker expand India’s digital footprint.
- France banned social media use for children under 15.
- Karnataka set up a Gig Workers’ Welfare Board.
- Euratom cooperation focuses on peaceful nuclear energy.
- SWM Rules 2026 enforce bulk waste generator responsibility.
- Plastic demand is expected to double by 2050 globally.
- Microplastics detected in human tissues raise health concerns.
- Ganga–Brahmaputra delta faces high subsidence risk.
- InSAR technology helps track land subsidence.
- Aspirational Districts Programme uses competitive federalism.
- Economic Survey projected services growth at 9.1%.
- Investment levels remained stable at 30% of GDP.
- India reduced general government debt-to-GDP by 7.1 percentage points since 2020.
- Rare red aurora sightings occurred at Hanle Dark Sky Reserve.
- EU designated Iran’s IRGC as a terrorist organisation.
- India remains fastest-growing major economy globally.
- Private consumption emerged as the key growth driver in FY26.
- India’s defence exports expanded to over 100 countries.
- Hypersonic missiles travel at lower altitudes than ballistic missiles.
- Scramjet engines use atmospheric oxygen for combustion.
- Param Shakti is part of the National Supercomputing Mission.
- C-DAC developed indigenous RUDRA servers.
- Shaksgam Valley lies north of the Karakoram Range.
- NSIL handles India’s commercial space launches.
- Romeo–Juliet clause aims to prevent criminalisation of consensual adolescent relationships.
- EAST reactor is China’s Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.
- ITER is located in France.
- Oceans absorbing excess heat intensify marine heatwaves.
- BAS-1 hardware is the first module of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
- IMEC reduces logistics cost and trade time.
- PM Matsya Sampada Yojana supports aquaculture infrastructure.
- India’s IPO value ranks third globally.
- Market cap-to-GDP ratio crossed 130%.
- Nobel Peace Prize cannot be legally transferred.
- Mission Mausam strengthens urban weather forecasting.
- Lok Sabha Speaker can constitute an Inquiry Committee independently.
- Judges removal requires proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
- BBNJ Agreement strengthens marine conservation governance.
- Quad promotes free and open Indo-Pacific.
- NIRANTAR platform enhances environmental coordination.
- Section 17A PCA validity referred to larger SC bench.
- RTE Act Section 38 allows rule-making by governments.
- Renewable Energy jobs in India reached 1.3 million.
- NPS Vatsalya expands pension coverage to children.
- India’s passport rank improved to 80.
- Startup ecosystem crossed $350 billion valuation.
- Responsible Nations Index ranks India ahead of US and China.
- Polar vortex weakening linked to Arctic amplification.
- CERT-In coordinates Cyber Crisis Management Plan.
- Padma Awards remain non-titular under Article 18.
- PM Surya Ghar promotes rooftop solar households.
- National Green Hydrogen Mission targets decarbonisation.
- France banned social media for under-15s.
- Karnataka’s Gig Workers Board ensures social security for platform workers.
- SWM Rules 2026 restrict landfilling.
- Bulk waste generators must ensure direct compliance.
- Plastic lifecycle emissions linked to cancers and endocrine disorders.
- Ganga–Brahmaputra delta is among fastest sinking deltas.
- Sediment disruption by dams reduces delta stability.
- Economic Survey emphasised domestic demand-driven growth.
- Services sector remained key growth anchor.
- General government debt ratio declined since 2020.
- Coking coal critical for steel production.
- CPI 2024 will reflect updated consumption patterns.
- Rare red auroras observed in Ladakh’s Hanle.
- Nuclear capacity globally projected to reach 1,446 GWe by 2050.
- India aims semiconductor fabrication in 28nm–90nm range.
- AI India Mission promotes indigenous AI capability.
- Bhashini supports multilingual AI applications.
- Smaller AI models handle 95% workloads cost-efficiently.
- $70 billion investment planned for AI infrastructure.
- Clean energy integration supports AI data centres.
- Carney Doctrine promotes middle-power multilateralism.
- Pixxel to build India’s private EO satellite constellation.
- Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative expanded with Spain’s participation.
- Military Quantum Mission includes quantum sensing.
- Post-quantum cryptography enhances cyber resilience.
- CAQM report emphasised chemical reactions in pollution.
- G4 advocates UNSC expansion to 25–26 members.
- EU’s CBAM pressures carbon-intensive exports.
- RBI State Finances report warns ageing states face fiscal strain.
- Pension spending accounts for ~30% of social expenditure in geing states.
- E-waste projected to reach 14 MMT by 2030.
- FDI inflows surged due to China+1 strategy.
- Cyber incidents reached 30 lakh in 2025.
- Governor’s discretionary powers limited by aid and advice principle.
- Padma Awards recognise diverse civilian achievements.
- High Seas Treaty requires environmental impact assessments.
- India’s renewable transition achieved 50% non-fossil capacity early.
- UGC 2026 Regulations aim to eliminate discrimination.
- SWM Rules 2026 effective from 1 April 2026.
- MISHTI aligns with global biodiversity frameworks.
- Plastic production unlikely to peak before 2100.
- Delta subsidence threatens coastal populations.
- InSAR provides precise land subsidence data.
- Aspirational Blocks Programme extends district model.
- State fiscal deficit increased due to welfare and infrastructure spending.
- Forex reserves strengthen external sector stability.
- Remittances remain key source of forex inflow.
- Private consumption share highest since 2012.
- Defence indigenisation supports strategic autonomy.
- Scramjet success places India among elite hypersonic nations.
- Greenwald limit relates to plasma density threshold.
- Arctic Council cooperation essential amid strategic competition.
- Secondary PM arises from atmospheric chemical reactions.
- Nature-based Solutions reduce biodiversity loss and climate risk.
- India emphasises ethical and citizen-centric AI.
- Data privacy requires balance between innovation and regulation.
- Digital Personal Data Protection Act operationalised in 2025 via Rules.
- Solid waste four-stream segregation improves recycling efficiency.
- Marine genetic resources are key pillar of BBNJ.
- Chagos dispute linked to 2019 ICJ advisory opinion.
- Diego Garcia hosts UK–US joint military base.
- Neo-royalism reflects personalised global leadership trends.
- Neo-feudalism refers to rise of powerful private tech actors.
- India positions itself as a strategic autonomous middle power.
- January 2026 marked strong convergence of governance reform, strategic ambition, climate leadership, and technological advancement in India.